Monday, February 8, 2016

40m Ham radio receiver using a NE602

I've been building a circuit I found in "Experimental methods in RF design". It's a 40m AM/SSB/CW receiver using a NE602. I've been doing some experimentation to get the receiver working, especially with the local oscillator. In the book, they recommend a toroid wound coil, but I couldn't get that to oscillate. Finally I made an air wound coil, which worked. But since the coil was wound "mid air", it picked up even the smallest vibration in the surroundings, leading to a very unstable oscillation. I solved it by shoving a roll of paper inside the coil. I also worked some on getting the antenna input filter better matched.
It receives between 6.9 and 7.4MHz, but it hasn't got a lot of selectivity, which I will try to solve somehow. Also, I want to interface the LO to a frequency counter, so I need to build a buffer amplifier to not load down the oscillator.
Here are some images of the receiver and the schematics so far:
Receiver circuit board. Antenna input, with attenuator pot seen to the left. Tuning caps on the right.
Receiver with shielding in place. Tuning knobs to the left.
Receiver diagram.

Interfacing old telephone to PIC

The old telephone has two ingoing lines. These are balanced inputs, one at about 48V on  hook, in respect to the other. I will call the 48V line positive and the other negative, even though they sometimes are the other way around.
To make a simple and quick conversion circuit, I want to use a PICS general I/O, with a max input of 5V. The phone's positive line has three levels when dialing with pulses. 48V (hook on) , ~10V (hook off) and 0V low level during dialing. I want the PIC to see the two low levels as 0, and the high level as 1. I also need to protect the PIC against over voltage  during ringing, when the line goes through 110V AC with 30Hz frequency. During ringing I also need to protect against negative voltages.
Since the PIC has ESD protection in the form of diodes on the IO's, I could rely on them to do the voltage protection. This seems like a bad idea though, since they are poorly speced in the datasheet and the data sheet advice against using them this way. The built in diodes has a voltage drop of about 0.6V. To beat these diodes I put in a BAT54 in the same fashion This is a Schottky diode with 0.35V forward voltage drop, so that it shunts overvoltage before the internal diodes.
Here's what the interface looks like:
Phone line to PIC I/O interface

and the board so far:
Interface and PIC along with a row of LEDs. Phone line connectors to the left, top and bottom.

I've tested having the PIC flash an LED when detecting high/low level, and there seems to be no spurious errors with this setup. Next step is to start counting pulses with the right time spacing, and register what number is dialed.

Thursday, January 7, 2016

Old telephone conversion

I found an old rotary phone on a flea market and decided toplug it in. My land line goes through the cable modem, which doesn't support this old way of entering the phone number. What I need todo is convert the pulses of the phone to dual tone multi frequency tones. Step one is to reverse engineer the old phone interface. I connected a scope to the connected phone plug and got these signals:
On hook.
Off hook, with speach.


Receiving ringing.

Dialling a "4".
My initial thoughts is to connect these signals to a microcontroller to count pulses, and then let the microcontroller inject the right dialling tones on the line. First thing to do is to solder phone plug connectors to a perfboard to see if I can convert the 48V signals to logic levels (3.3V on 5V tolerant ports is my thought).